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Kirlilik Faktörleri - Alfa Enerji - Serpantin Eşanjör Radyatör Kondenser Ekonomizer

Kirlilik Faktörleri

TYPICAL FOULING FACTORS
COOLING WATER Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]  
Conditions Cooling water < 50ºC Cooling water > 50ºC  
  Cooled fluid< 120ºC Cooled fluid > 120ºC  
Water velocity v < 1 m/s v > 1 m/s v < 1 m/s v > 1 m/s  
           
Type of water          
Sea 0,00009 0,00009 0,00018 0,00018  
Brackish 0,00035 0,00018 0,00053 0,00035  
Cooling tower with inhibitor 0,00018 0,00018 0,00035 0,00035  
Cooling tower without inhibitor 0,00053 0,00053 0,00088 0,00070  
City grid 0,00018 0,00018 0,00035 0,00035  
River minimum 0,00018 0,00018 0,00035 0,00035  
River average 0,00053 0,00035 0,00070 0,00035  
Engine jacket 0,00018 0,00018 0,00018 0,00018  
Demineralized or distilled 0,00009 0,00009 0,00009 0,00009  
Treated boiler feedwater 0,00018 0,00009 0,00018 0,00018  
Boiler blowdown 0,00035 0,00035 0,00035 0,00035  
           
SEVERAL FLUIDS Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]  
Group Fluid Fouling Factor  
Oil Gasoil 0,00009  
Transformer 0,00018  
Lubrication 0,00018  
Heat transfer oil 0,00018  
Hydraulic 0,00018  
           
Gas and Vapour Hydrogen 0,00176  
Engine exhaust 0,00176  
Steam 0,00009  
Steam with oiltraces 0,00018  
Cooling fluid vapours with oil traces 0,00035  
Organic solvent vapours 0,00018  
Compressed air 0,00035  
Natural gas 0,00018  
Stable top products 0,00018  
           
Liquid Cooling fluid 0,00018  
Organic heat transfer fluids 0,00018  
Salts 0,00009  
LPG, LNG 0,00018  
MEA and DEA(Amines) solutions 0,00035  
DEG and TEG(Glycols) solutions 0,00035  
Stable side products 0,00018  
Stable bottom products 0,00018  
Caustics 0,00035  
Vgetables oils 0,00053  
           
REFINERY FLUIDS Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Crude – wet (bearing salty water) Temperature 0 – 95ºC 95 – 160ºC 160 – 260ºC > 95 ºC
Velocity        
< 0,6 m/s 0,00053 0,00088 0,00105 0,00123
0,6 m/s – 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00070 0,00088 0,00106
> 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00070 0,00070 0,00088
           
Crude – dry Temperature 0 – 95ºC 95 – 160ºC 160 – 260ºC > 95 ºC
Velocity        
< 0,6 m/s 0,00053 0,00053 0,00070 0,00088
0,6 m/s – 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00035 0,00053 0,00070
> 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00035 0,00035 0,00053
           
Products Gasoline 0,00018  
Naphtha and light distillates 0,00018  
Kerosene 0,00018  
Light gas oil 0,00035  
Heavy gas oil 0,00053  
Heavy fuel oil 0,00088  
Asphalt and residuum 0,00176  
           
Cracking and coking units streams Overhead vapors 0,00035  
Light cycle oil 0,00035  
Heavy cycle oil 0,00053  
Light coker gas oil 0,00053  
Heavy coker gas oil 0,00070  
Bottom slurry(> 1,5 m/s) 0,00053  
Bottom liquid products 0,00035  
           
Catalytic reforming, hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Reformer charge 0,00035  
Reformer effluent 0,00018  
Hydrocracher charge and effluent 0,00035  
Recycle gas 0,00018  
HDS charge and effluent 0,00035  
Overhead vapors 0,00018  
Liquid product > 50 API 0,00018  
Liquid product 30 to 50 API 0,00035  
       
Light ends processing streams Overhead vapors and gases 0,00018  
Liquid products 0,00018  
Absorption oils 0,00035  
Alkylation trace acid streams 0,00053  
Reboiler streams 0,00053  
Lube oil processing streams 0,00053  
Feed stock 0,00035  
Solvent feed mix 0,00035  
Solvent feed mix 0,00018  
Extract 0,00035  
Raffinate 0,00018  
Asphalt 0,00088  
Wax slurries 0,00053  
Redined lube oil 0,00018